Johnson Johnson Case

The corporate strategy that Johnson& Johnson pursue is to encourage autonomy in each division and cultivate entrepreneurial culture throughout the organization. It has heavily relied on acquisitions to grow over the years to expand the company into a board range of businesses in the healthcare industry. As Johnson& Johnson has grew into a complex enterprise, granted near-total autonomy has fostered each division to develop and expand its best-seller products and to be responsible for their promised achievement. This independence attributes most to the company’s success.It also provides the firm with the ability to respond quickly to emerging opportunities. Each division has the freedom to develop its own strategy, and to work with its own resources. However, this decentralization brings up the company’s overhead costs. Merger and acquisition has also brought up quality control problems that some of its products have been recalled. Johnson &Johnson has evolved to have to p-notch products and strong skills in all three basic divisions: drugs, devices, and diagnostics, that few companies can compete for.To increase collaboration between these divisions will attract new business opportunities, and the firm will benefit from his convergence by allowing different units work together. Weldon has pushed all of its units to work together to deal with different health problems and to work on new opportunities. As a leader, Weldon understands the importance of entrepreneurial spirit in the company. So he takes steps and cautions to foster collaboration among disparate operations.He set up groups that draw people from different division to work together on specific health problems, and each of the groups will be reported every six months on potential strategies and projects. He is also pushing for more internal growth that to accelerate top-and bottom-line growth. Weldon encourage employees to share database across the various business units to further improve innovation. To create a sustainable competitive advantage, Johnson &Johnson has to have valuable resources.By acquiring different segment of healthcare industry, they have the ability to develop new products that requires different segments of healthcare industry. Encouraging synergy will improve its efficiency and effectiveness in solving difficult health problem and neutralize threats, because few companies have such large resources as Johnson& Johnson does. Since few firms could actually be able to attain the idea of synergy, the resource that Johnson &Johnson has is rare. Besides that, Johnson & Johnson has to make sure their resource is difficult to imitate and difficult to substitute.Apparently, for competitors who own as large resources as Johnson& Johnson does will be able to perform same synergy; however, if Johnson& Johnson come up with some unique idea and products on curing one of the difficult health problems and get patent on it, it will be then difficult for competit ors to imitate. In order to be hard to substitute, Johnson &Johnson has to make sure their products have distinctive effectiveness that it would be hard to achieve without their products.From balance sheet, Johnson& Johnson’s liquidity, as measured by current assets compared to current liabilities, increased over the year. We might be tempted to conclude that its balance sheet has grown â€Å"stronger† currently. But its net income per sale has dropped dramatically. This might be caused by a string of product recalls and consumers are lost confidence in their products after recalls. Quality issues have risen since converging of two divisions, which directly affect Johnson& Johnson’s reputation. Investors are starting to question Johnson &Johnson’s management.Its financial picture looks even worsen now. Synergy to fix the manufacturing problems that had caused the recalls are taking longer than expected, and some brands might not return to shelves until 20 13. Current situation that Johnson& Johnson though may not put the company in a struggle condition, Consumers are losing faith in its products. Also, recent legal losses for Johnson &Johnson related to its antipsychotic drugs and the announcement to remove out some ingredients that have been proved harmful to personal health have made its overall picture worsen.From its 2nd quarter 2012 conference calls, they mentioned that their current main goal is to restore reliable supply and to regain trust from consumers. Consumers have lost some degree of confidence in Johnson& Johnson because of the recalls. But they have also mentioned in the conference calls that its pharmaceutical team achieved success in new products launching and their Synthes acquisition successfully closed in the 2nd quarter. Although they are still dealing with the negative impact of the

Lessons for Undercover Bosses Essay

Managers are the effective players in the field of organizational behavior. They are tasked with learning how individuals, groups, and structure define their organization’s culture and how to create a culture that improves the company’s effectiveness and success (Robbins and Judge, 10). Effective managers must be excellent communicators and great human resource managers, which means they must know their employee’s needs (Robbins and Judge, 8-9). In order to understand the organization’s culture, the manager (or executive) must get to know the structure, groups, and individuals within their organization. When a manager â€Å"walks around† and meets those within the organization they’re managing, they can better understand their needs and are learning about problems and concerns within their organization firsthand (Rama, Sashith & Subrahmanyam). In management by walking around (MBWA), interpersonal contact is made, open appreciation is developed, and managers lead by displaying civility and rewarding performance (Rama, Sashith & Subrahmanyam). Helping employees balance work-life conflicts is a major complication in today’s working world (Robbins and Judge, 21), but the manager cannot understand the barriers to the balance of work and life if they do not communicate with the employees and their day-to-day jobs. Creating a positive work environment is another crucial element in the culture of the comp any (Robbins and Judge, 22); this element cannot be understood without understanding the people and their desires. Many times, a manager can learn the â€Å"emotional temperature† of a room and find employees  who are angry, upset, or simply stressed, which are all problems to be addressed and resolved (Managing). MBWA gives managers a way to relieve day-to-day conflicts before they become organizational problems. Question #2 While many workers prefer not to be micromanaged by their managers, research studies have indicated that regular attention from supervisors interacting with employees can actually improve work productivity. One of the most famous studies of this phenomenon unveiled the Hawthorne Effect. Back in the 1920’s Harvard researchers conducted a research study in the Hawthorne Works plant to determine if different amounts of lighting improved worker productivity. They found a correlation between increased lighting and worker productivity. However, when they turned down the lighting, worker productivity also strangely increased. According to an Industrial Management article by Chris Porter (2012) entitled â€Å"The Hawthorne Effect Today,† they uncovered that worker productivity had nothing to do with lighting, but instead the fact that workers were monitored and supervised on a regular basis contributed to their increase in productivity (p. 11). As the Hawthorne Effect indicates, workers appreciate the fact that their supervisors regularly spend time with their teams and the payoff has been demonstrated to result in increased productivity for the firm. According to Porter (2012), â€Å"management can apply psychological motivation techniques to modern processes to improve productivity, reduce defects and establish a culture for continuous improvement (p. 11). By establishing a culture with active supervision, everything becomes more team oriented and more can be accomplished (p.15).† Workers knowing that their leaders spend time interacting with the team creates stronger teams. Therefore, knowing that top executives routinely interact with line employees has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on worker attitudes toward the organization. Question #3 Certainly one way for executives and organizational leaders to learn about daily business operations is the practice of management by walking around and to a more extreme level would be going â€Å"undercover†. The one characteristic from both of these approaches that stands out is the interpersonal relationships that are developed between front line workers  and the executive team. Fostering positive social relationships in the work environment leads to more open channels of communication. By creating a more non threating work environment, the need for someone to go â€Å"undercover† would be eliminated and would promote the importance of bottom up communication within the organization. Another example for executives to use would be to schedule staff meetings with the front line workers and allowing them to have a forum to voice the challenges and opportunities that they see on a day-to day basis. This method of management promotes employee engagement within the comp any. A more indirect approach for executives to use would be to conduct employee surveys and/or use questionnaires. This approach allows the employees to remain anonymous and give more honest feedback on issues and concerns that they experience on a daily basis. Question #4 Obviously, compared to desk-bound approach to management, â€Å"management by walking around† (MBWA) helps managers to understand what bottom managers and staffs do every day (Robbins and Judge, 8). This is the kind of strong relationship between managers and staff which helps contribute to the effectiveness of the whole organization, as well as understanding individuals, groups, the working environment and the organization’s culture. By knowing the skills needed for a job, the time to work available, and the problems happening in the front line, managers easily make some human resource decisions. However, there are also some questions concerning MBWA. It is dangerous if managers use too much time discovering whether or not people are doing things correctly. Otherwise, taking a longer time to communicate or walking through staffs’ offices will cause an impression that the manager is loafing, and people may feel they are being watched. MBWA is about building relat ionships, not micro-managing people. Just monitoring is not helpful for effectiveness of work. If a manager spots something of concern, then he or she should address this with the team manager separately. It is vital that employees do not feel that they need to always be on their best behavior, or the activity will be a waste of time (Lop). If a manager wanders round very occasionally, it will engender the view that the manager is bored or has simply been instructed in the action. To solve the problem that MBWA  leads employees to feel they are being spied on, managers should take some actions to minimize these concerns. First, do not spend too much time on one person, which makes him feel different from others. Try to spend roughly the same amount of time — not necessarily all in the same day or even the same week, but over the long run — with each person who reports to you (Lop). Second, ask for suggestions and recognize good ideas. Ask each employee for his or her thoughts about how to improve products, processes, sales, or service. Last, do not criticize; instead, make a note of it and address the problem at another time and in another setting (Lop). Works Cited ‘Management by walking around’: 3 tips. (2014). Managing People at Work, 1(8), 1. Lop, P. (2011). The Pros and Cons of Management by Wandering around. http://www.insidebusiness360.com/index.php/the-pros-and-cons-of-management-by-wandering-around-6174/#sourcesAndCitations Porter, C. (2012). The Hawthorne effect today. Industrial Management, 54(3), 10-15. Rama Mohan, D.D., Sathish Kumar, S. S., & Subrahmanyam, G.G. (2013). Management by Walking Around: An Effective Tool for Day-to-Day Operations of Hospital. UIP Journal of Operations Management, 12(1), 58-61. Robbins, S. & Judge, T. (2013). Organizational Behavior, 15th Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson.

Sarbanes Oxley Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Sarbanes Oxley Act - Essay Example porting, whistleblower policy, internal policies on executive loans and compensation and external auditor independence can have a positive impact on the nonprofit entity as it contrives to preserve and, even, enhance the trust and confidence the public and its community have on its nonprofit activities. Small businesses, on the other hand, have pointed out the prohibitive costs of implementing the SOX requirements and that the benefits derived from implementing these requirements are much less than these costs. However, there is also positive impact of SOX requirements on small businesses. Small business owners who adopt the SOX requirements may find their competitive advantage increasing, easier access to new capital or loans, more efficient handling of family-related governance issues and an increased opportunity to deter, discover and deal with fraud. With the various accounting and corporate scandals that surprised and shocked the whole business world, the regulators, the stakeholders and the private sector, in general, are all clamoring for more transparency and accountability, as well as a more ethical way of conducting businesses, for the various entities. The passing of the Sarbanes Oxley Act is viewed as an important step towards the improvement of these aspects. The SOX is geared towards the publicly-listed, oftentimes large, companies due to their large impact on the economy (in general) and their stakeholders (in particular). However, it is also worthwhile to note that, according to Cynthia Reaves (n.d.), a practitioner in the areas of tax-exempt organization law, the â€Å"inappropriate financial management practices† that were present in most of the companies embroiled in these scandals may also occur in nonprofit entities. McGladrey & Pullen, Certified Public Accountants (n.d.) also pointed out that nonprofit e ntities â€Å"interact with or impact a significant portion of the population†. Based on these, it can be inferred that the SOX also has an

The Geographic Information System Program Research Paper

The Geographic Information System Program - Research Paper Example In essence, information about specific places on the earth’s surface influences economic, social, and political activities with society opting for hospitable regions. This is facilitated by the availability of geographical information that distinguishes regions by physical principles, which necessary for effective planning and development in modern society. Such information is derived from maps and satellite images, which then analyzed and presented in accordance with the desired parameters such as terrain, population, among other analytes. Over the years, specialized computer systems have employed to process geographical information such as digitization of raw data, storage, automated analysis of the data, and predict outcomes of various scenarios. Such sophisticated computations are made possible by geographical information systems (GIS), which illustrate the computer-based capacity to manipulate geographical data. These systems include not include basic computer hardware an d software, but also special input and output devices to create map products. GIS also includes a communication system that allows linking of various stations for comprehensive data collection. The system functions to acquire, verify, compile, store, manage, analyze, and present geographical data on demand in various formats as per the study requirements. In light of this, the information presented is vital for researchers to map, study, and understand trends and patterns affecting the society. As such, GIS plays a critical role in planning and management of various aspects that could otherwise impact the society negatively. The application of the geographical information system is preceded by the art of making maps where GIS sought to modernize the trade. Past civilizations are credited for their role in shaping descriptive illustration of their surroundings, which fuelled advancements in the area. Cartography dates back to ancient civilizations where scholars and explorers passion ately expressed their view of the world, as they perceived it, similar concepts were adopted with technological advances to generate digitized models of desired regions of the earth. This can be attributed to the quest towards improved geo-referenced information at the height of photozincography, which enabled layering in maps. This involved cumbersome tasks of drawing different versions of a single map to demonstrate layers such as vegetation, terrain, and infrastructure. The upsurge of computer hardware development in the 1960s saw mainframe computers support the earliest of geographical information systems. The first operational GIS was developed by Dr. Roger Tomlinson with aim of studying rural Canada, which allowed researchers evaluate the land’s capability to host agriculture, wildlife, as well as support the society.1 Technological advances produced minicomputers during the 1970s to support GIS applications, which operated in a timesharing mode to ensure functionality. 2 Moreover, the invention of personal computers revolutionized the geographical information software, as it was readily available for these machines. This marked the beginning of a promising GIS hardware market that would see the invention of increasingly powerful computers with increased capability to be networked together.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

International Business - Essay Example In this case, entrepreneurs are able to assess and identify businesses opportunity by evaluating different cultural requirements. As such, a close scrutiny of a specific culture will reveal the types of business opportunities that are viable in that particular area. Therefore, cultural diversity has its indispensible place in the heart of businesses. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that while businesses become big until they break cultural barriers, other regions suffer cultural infringement. This implies that globalization adversely affect cultural diversity. According to Kanuka (2008, p.117), globalization has lead to the loss of individualism and identity of a given group of people. In this case, many societies have blamed globalization for encouraging the Western ideal of individualism. As such, some cultural aspects are regarded as inferior to others. In this case, globalization has promoted a homogeneous set of beliefs and values. Moreover, the dominant population or culture overwhelms others and as such, globalization. Kanuka (2008, p.124) also argues that e-learning and technologies perpetuate colonization by designing prospectus that reflects the cognitive styles of the dominant

Japan Exchange Rate Regime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Japan Exchange Rate Regime - Essay Example The major currency that is used in Japan is Yen and all matters related to the currency were normally administered by the Ministry of Finance. However, the administration was carried out with the cooperation of the Ministry of International Trade (MITI) and Industry and the bank of Japan. MITI also handled licenses related to exports and imports. However, the authority for approving major payments was given to the authorized banks in Japan.Studies reveal that trade in Japan was being regulated by the government directly before 1949. During this time, the country practiced multiple exchange rates. However, the direct control by the government was gotten rid of in 1949 and a new system that was meant to regulate foreign trade was introduced since the market economy was under transition. This was meant to ensure that the foreign trade system in the country would be compatible with the market economy that was in transition. Japan also shifted from plural exchange rate regime to the singl e exchange rate regime. This regime continued to play as the dominant force in Japan until the early 1960s. The major force that interrupted the performance of the Japanese currency was the US dollar. In this case, Japan sustained a fixed exchange rate of 360.00 Yen for every US dollar up to 1971. However, in 1971, the Yen was permitted to float above its fluctuation ceiling whereby an effective fluctuation rate was implemented. However, since the US dollar continued to devalue, the Bank of Japan was forced to place a control that would regulate the exchange rate and facilitate a floating basis . (Trading Economics b, 2012). The Effective rate of Japan was later set in a manner that allowed it to float in a free manner. However, since the floating exchange rate was introduced in Japan in 1973, the economy of Japan has been experiencing significant fluctuations while dealing with foreign exchange rates. The Interbank Rate was also in traduced in Japan in 1973. In this case, the Yen w as supposed to be determined on the basis of the demand and supply forces in the Japanese economy. The bank of Japan was only supposed to intervene whenever the Yen was observed to be fluctuating in an abnormal manner in the currency market (The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000). Discuss three relationships that describe the behavior of exchange rate Covered Interest Rate Parity (CIP) Interest rate parity describes an equilibrium situation whereby investors are normally indifferent regarding the interest rates that are available on the bank deposits between two countries. However, since this condition does not always hold, investors are normally provided with an opportunity to earn riskless profits while under the covered interest arbitrage mechanisms (Economy watch, 2012). Therefore, in the case where the no-arbitrage condition is satisfied while under the use of a forward contract that would help to hedge against the risks that are present in the exchange rate markets. In thi s case, the interest rate is described as covered. In this case, the forward exchange rate sustains an equilibrium state (Trading Economics b, 2012). In this case, the return on the dollar to dollar deposits normally equals to the return on the dollar to foreign deposits. This means that the potential for making profits in the case of covered interest arbitrage is eliminated. Moreover, the covered interest rate parity also helps while determining forward exchange rate. For example, assuming japans currency trades at par with the US currency and the interest rate in Japan is 6 percent while the interest rate in the US is 3 percent, then it would be advisable to borrow the currency of the US and convert it in the spot market to the currency of Japan when all other factors are held

The Psychological Challenges of Oppressed Women Regarding Charlotte Research Paper

The Psychological Challenges of Oppressed Women Regarding Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Yellow Wallpaper and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House - Research Paper Example The story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† deals with the horrible psychological transition of a woman in order to show how the society imposed restrictions can mutilate the psychological growth of women, whereas Ibsen’s play shows a woman’s struggle primarily to cope with the patriarchy’s expectation from women and her choice to tread a more perilous path of life, that is free of the patriarchal protection for women, in order to search for her own self. But these two authors have commonly vindicated that both parental and nuptial restrictions are detrimental to the harmonious psychological growth of women. That is, women’s struggle for their own selves must challenge the so-called male-imposed norms, rules and regulations in the name of women’s betterment. Yet the two texts have two different ends. In the conclusions while Gilman’s heroine is found to become psychologically deranged, Ibsen’s heroine Nora chooses to seek for her ide ntity defying the patriarchal protect in her husband’s house. II - Society’s Attitude towards Women’s Psychological illness in the 19th Century and its Influence on Gilman’s Writing Both â€Å"the Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"A Doll’s House† deal with the psychological challenges of women in the 19th century. ... Gilman shows that what Jane’s husband thought for her wellbeing ironically pushed towards the verge of madness and on the contrary, allowing Jane to walk on her own way could have saved her from her tragic end. Like Ibsen she also shows that the position of women in a male dominated society is rather harmful for them, though ironically their male counterpart means such restriction for the betterment of the female. a. Early views of Mental Illness Gilman’s story speaks more of the patriarchy’s attitudes towards women’s mental illness, in the 19th century, which was considered to be the result of extensive brainwork. Especially in women’s case, brainstorming was thought to be more detrimental to women’s psychology. Consequently women are commonly kept away from brainwork such as reading, writing, mass education, and from any other intellectual works. Indeed, the main line of the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has greatly been shaped b y a major event of Gilman’s life, as Thrailkill says, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper draws heavily on a particularly painful episode in Gilman’s own life† (67). In 1886 after the birth of her daughter, Gilman becomes a victim of severe depression. In a book, â€Å"The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman† Gilman admits that her â€Å"unbearable inner misery† is worsened by her husband’s presence. Her husband, Weir Mitchell, nervous specialist prescribed her â€Å"rest cure† or â€Å"forced inactivity† as her treatment that rather worsened her condition further (Gilman 79-82). All her condition was conveyed into the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. b. Doctors and early treatment The fact, whether the 19th century Doctor’s

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management - Assignment Example 1.2. Mission of the Project The project is geared towards attaining a specific mission. The mission is focuses towards ensuring that the new training program applicable in Northwest region of the United Kingdom is extended to other areas of the United Kingdom. Therefore, the mission of this project is to improve employee performance through implementing effective employee training programs in all parts of the United Kingdom. 1.3. Objectives The overall goals and mission of this project shall be achieved through various objectives. The objectives shall be undertaken in the course of this project. ... They are expected to extend this knowledge by training their employees in their respective companies. Moreover, they may also facilitate the project through provision of resources such training venues et cetera. The Project Board This project shall be facilitated by a project bored, basically responsible for planning and implementation of various programs involved within the project i.e. provision of time plans, sourcing for resources from various stakeholders and also implementation of the project plans. Additionally, the project bored shall also engage in negotiations with different stakeholders in order to seek their consent to conduct these trainings. Enterprise Holdings This is an imperative part of the stakeholders that shall be engaged in this project. Enterprise Holdings forms the basis of this project. The project focuses on the extension of new employee training programs to different parts of the United Kingdom. Various Companied in different parts of the United Kingdom are expected to benefit from this project. Project Coordinator The project coordinator is one of the most pertinent facilitators of this project. The coordinator shall ensure that the five objectives and the overall goals of this project are achieved through creating commitment among the project implementers. Additionally, he shall facilitate organization, planning as well as the implementation of the planned project activities. Consequently, the coordinate shall ensure that there is consultation among the project team in the case there are challenges faced. The consultation processes are basically meant to facilitate collective problem solving activities. External Monitoring and

Behaviour Management in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Behaviour Management in the Classroom Essay Knowing how to anticipate and manage problems will ensure that students spend maximum time on task, and those students who are eager to learn are not disadvantaged by a few. I have found there are many different causes of disruptive and inappropriate behavior. These can include factors in and out of a teacher’s control. Factors outside the control of the teacher may include a student’s emotional and psychological factors. A student may have significant distressing issues in their home life such as bereavement or family breakdown for example. Students may also have had negative past experiences at a previous establishment or in the education system in general. Some students may behave inappropriately through boredom or finishing work to quickly, while others misbehave in an attempt to mask undiagnosed learning differences. Conversely, I have experienced students being disruptive in class due to having a special educational need, students with undedicated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder for example. ‘Some teachers think a well-planned, interesting lesson will by itself prevent disruption. Or that if the teacher is entirely benign and respectful of students, conflict will simply melt away. This isn’t the case. ’ (Petty, 2006, pg3) The teacher themselves can sometimes be a cause of negative behaviour. Some students may act up through boredom as a result of a teacher being unprepared, demotivated or simply not giving enough consideration to lesson design. Bad classroom management can also be a factor, for example, allowing students to play with mobile phones or simply poor seating arrangements, which allow disruptive students to sit together. Review organisational policies relevant to managing behaviour in the learning environment identifying any areas for improvement | Every teaching establishment will have a number of different organizational policies relating to managing behaviour. Appendix A lists the specific policies I have to adhere to in my organisation. The policies are very diverse ranging from a staff code of conduct with pupils, to policies rela ting to effective teaching and learning. The specialist nature of my establishment means there are many policies linked to the welfare and safeguarding of students, including a number of anti-bullying policies (including anti-cyber bullying) to procedures relating to pastoral care. In my opinion, the behavior management policy in my establishment could be improved. There is no consistent approach to managing behavior throughout the organization. It is left to individual teaching staff to use their discretion as to what constitutes disruptive behavior and how to deal with it accordingly. Although the senior managers are usually supportive of teaching staff, It would be beneficial to staff and students for there to be a set procedure we could all follow. |Review ways of encouraging behaviours that contribute to an effective learning environment | |Use strategies for encouraging behaviours that contribute to an effective learning environment | ‘†¦classrooms become much more orderly when rules are stated, or better still negotiated, discussed and fully justified. It seems the little lighters need persuading of the obvious! ’ (Petty, 2006, pg3) There are many strategies to help a teacher limit disruptive behavior during lessons. I find an effective tool for managing behaviour is to set firm ground rules at the beginning of the course. These include clear boundaries, and expectations. If this can be done in consultation with the students it can be extremely effective, as it gives them the responsibility of managing each other’s behavior. It is use ful to note however, that set sanctions must also be clearly defined and followed as a consequence for breaking the rules for this technique to be effective. The use of reward is a good method of encouraging positive behavior, the use of praise, certificates and house points for example. ‘What we can’t do however is ignore disruptive behaviour. If we do, it won’t go away! ’ (LSDA, 2007, pg8) It is important for a teacher to challenge disruptive behaviour immediately and consistently. I feel by trying to make lessons enjoyable and providing work that helps students to achieve minimizes disruptive behaviour. The use of good communication by the teacher can also be a useful tool. This includes the use of the voice, phrasing, eye contact and body language. For example, using an assertive tone when making a request or physically positioning yourself near disruptive students. ‘You should be alert, businesslike, firm and unapologetic. But you must avoid showing anger or frustration even when you feel it. ’ (Petty, 2006, pg19) I feel getting to know students individually and knowing what their interests and expectations are helps. I find by creating a working relationship where students feel valued and respected is key to minimizing inappropriate behavior. In my opinion, the greater amount of respect the pupil has for you, the less likely they will misbehave. I agree with Petty (2006) when he states: ‘prevention the best strategy’ It is also important should a student misbehave that it is dealt with swiftly with the teachers focus being placed on the student’s behaviour, rather than the individual themselves. |Review ways of managing behaviours that disrupt an effective learning environment | No matter how hard you work at perfecting your behaviour management techniques, you will encounter ‘the really challenging-class’ at some point in your career’ (TES,2010) If a situation arises where an individual’s behavior is persistently disruptive, further action may be required to ensure the other students maintain an effective learning environment. The use of graduated sanctions in schools and colleges is a widely recognised, and is a commonly used method of controlling individuals that have not responded to other behavior management strategies. Having the support of heads of departments and senior management teams is crucial for this method to work effectively. I have, on occasion had to follow behaviour management procedures at my organisation that use graduated sanctions. For example, referring disruptive individuals to my head of department. If that student then continues to affect the learning of others they get referred to a member of the senior management team (SMT). The last stage being the Head Master, who has the power to take more serious action if required, such as temporary and permanent exclusions. Summarise own strengths and development needs in relation to managing behaviours that disrupt the learning environment | In general, I feel that managing my student’s behavior is one of my strengths. It is something I have learned, and improved upon through the years in my current teaching position. I have learnt different strategies for minimizing disruptive behaviour through observing other staff in my depar tment, and openly discussing individual cases with other teaching staff. With regards to my personal development, I would like to attend some training to help me manage students with disruptive behavioural disorders, specifically, Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Although I currently teach two individuals diagnosed with this disorder, they can be extremely disruptive in a group environment, and I believe attending training specifically related to managing this type of psychiatric disorder would be extremely beneficial for the future. References Cope, R. G. (2006). How to plan for behaviour development and classroom management : maximising student engagement: Pearson Education.

Challenges Faced by a Country for Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Challenges Faced by a Country for Economic Development Essay An economy is flourishing and is shown to be beneficial and fruitful for the people living in it only when the growth of the economy goes up continuously. It is essential for a country to not only develop politically or socially but it also needs to demonstrate economic development in order to sustain in the international market and in order to come ahead of other countries. But it is not very easy for any economy to economically keep growing because an umpteen number of internal and external factors that affect the growth and the economic development and it is essential and crucial for the countries to address the issues and move ahead. There are some very common challenges that are faced by an economy that are discussed below. The presence of external imbalances in the global economy is one of the most influential causes that impose a challenge on the economic development of any country. There can be reasons such as political disruptions, changes in import-export scenario or foreign currency reserve changes that can lead to imbalance in a country that is external to an economy. But the disruptions taking place in one country can adversely affect the economy and economic growth of other countries as well. The monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the government of an economy also have a huge role to play in the economic development. These policies tend to impact the interest rates, money supply and foreign exchange rates of an economy and if the policies are not in the favor of the growth, they can become major challenges and major issues all over the country. Read more: Essay About Disadvantages of Population The change in trade situations can also affect the economies. Exports of a country help it in generating external revenues while imports can be done for different purposes such as facilitation of a manufacturing process, providing basic necessities to the people etc. And hence if there is an imbalance in the external trade that is taking place in a country, it can lead to severe turbulence and can adversely impact the economic growth. Other economic factors such as poverty, inflation rate, population also are dependent on an economy and also impact the economy. If a nation has higher level of poverty, it is more likely to have economic challenges and similarly high population is not desired and not advisable for high economic growth. And that is the reason why the governments usually try to avoid these unfavorable situations and try to maintain a balance in the countries by different measures. There are many more reasons why the economies face severe challenge of demonstrating growth and hence it is crucial for the countries to adopt different and new policies in order to avoid these challenges and facilitate growth. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/international-economics-homework-help/ View as multi-pages

The Six Pillars Of Public Administrations Politics Essay

The Six Pillars Of Public Administrations Politics Essay The dichotomy of politics and administration is a model representing the idea that a division is required between the political realm and the field of public administration. As explained by Waldo (1984), there are two early public administration scholars that are credited with the dichotomy: Woodrow Wilson and Frank Goodnow. Although Wilson and Goodnows work was not identical, they both advocated for a strict explanation of the dichotomy. Wilson and Goodnows ideologies regarding the relationship between politics and public administration have served as fundamentally important for developing this essay. This brief discussion about the dichotomy of politics and public administration will include why scholars like Wilson and Goodnow believed it was necessary to separate politics and administration and treat them as two separate fields of study. Wilsons theory evolved during a time when politics was associated with corrupt behavior. Many citizens wanted a more professionally based bureaucracy that would be held to higher levels of accountability versus being controlled by politics. These ideas were clearly communicated in Madisons Federalist No. 10. Madison (1787) described the relationship between politics and administration by explaining that a factious spirit had tainted Americas public administration. Wilson reinforced the ideas of the founding fathers in The Study of Administration. Wilson (1886) expanded on Madisons ideas explaining that the bureaucracy needed to be more businesslike with civil servants providing services that were nonpartisan. In The Study of Administration, Wilson (1886) states that, Administrative questions are not political questions. Although politics sets the tasks for administration, it should not be suffered to manipulate its offices (210). With the latter quote being stated by Wilson, public administration should be considered a science irrelevant from any type of political coercion when it comes to things like decision making, policy, and public service. Bureaucracies all share a common goal and this is to provide services that benefit the overall public good; however, it is nearly impossible to completely separate politics from administration. For example, policies are often designed and implemented due to public sentiment. The number goal of a politician is to get re-elected; therefore, elected officials cannot ignore public opinion. Policies are written and passed by elected officials and then implemented by public agencies. Programs created by policies often die at the implementation phase because bureaucrats hold the power with providing optimal levels of implementation. One of the reasons programs are not properly implemented can be attributed to the fact that many bureaucrats may deliberately administer poor im plementation due to a program being contradictive to their political beliefs. Goodnow (1900) took a realistic approach to the dichotomy explaining that politics and administration needed to be two separate functions but, simultaneously, politics would never be completely separate from administration. Goodnows beliefs are demonstrated in the policy and implementation synopsis provided in the previous paragraph. Americas bureaucracies today are not as corrupt as they were during the time Madison vocalized his views in the Federalist Papers. Thanks to extensive empirical research and social science theories, the field of public administration is based on efficiency, accountability to the public, and effectiveness. It would be unreasonable to assume that political coercion does not still plague public administrators on occasion because politics will also play a role in public administration. Responsible public administrator When researching the topic of Responsibility in the realm of Public Administration, one encounters a very extensive literature base regarding the importance and reasons for responsible civil servants. Exploring the topic of responsibility and its significance in the field of public service reveals a strong connection between all of the pillars of public administration. Public administrators are held accountable by the public and they cannot act on their own accord because they are held responsible to the officials who have been elected by the public. Elected officials determine the course of action of public servants and this fact is highly relevant to the dichotomy of politics and public administration (Finer, 1941, p. 335). In order for public servants to be responsible, they must adhere to certain values and principles which make them efficient, legitimate, and representative of social equity. Svara(2007) has stated the highest duty of public administrators is to embrace a broad s et of obligations and responsibilities that promote the public interest, demonstrate character, advance justice, and seek the greatest good. Gaus (1953) explained the relationship that is created for the responsible public servant between the other pillars by stating that, The contribution of the United States to the idea of responsibility in administration was made by requiring the chief executive-and later many minor executives-to submit directly or indirectly to popular vote (432). The general public elects officials to represent them and protect them to a certain extent. As explained in the dichotomy, there are two sides to public administration. In regards to responsibility, legislators and politicians have the responsibility of designing policies to address social issues in an attempt of solving issues. The administrative side of the responsibility has to do with implementation of the policies designed by elected officials. The relationship between chief executives and other elected officials and the bureaucracy is clearly demonstrated in the nature of punitive policies. For example, legislators designed policies that place restrictions on speed limits. In order to keep roads and highways safe, reckless driving behaviors must be curtailed and this is done through punitive policies. Drivers that violate the speed limit know they are at risk to be cited and subject to fines and jail time; therefore, it may be tempting to speed but policies are enforced by public administrators to deter this behavior. In this case scenario, street-level bureaucrats are the primary civil servants that are responsible for the implementation of punitive policies. This is a perfect example to illustrate how the decisions made by elected officials, impact the daily work operations of public service. Administrators are responsible for carrying out proper implementation of polices. Finer (1941) made it clear that there is a distinction between policy design and policy execution. This is where public administrators have the most power in their responsibilities. They are the ones responsible for policy execution and it is clearly stated in the literature that implementation is the most importance stage of the policy process. A policy is only as strong as its implementation and many die at this level because of irresponsible public administrators. Ethical issues can arise in this area because administrators may neglect to implement a policy or a program created by an elected official because they do not agree with it or have a hidden agenda. In regards to the link between public administration and the pillars, administration is not less important to democratic government than administrative efficiency; it is even a contributor to efficiency in the long run (Finer, 1941, p. 335). When a public administrator acts responsibly, they have a higher chance of exhibiting ethical behavior and ultimately producing efficiency. Legitimacy Legitimacy of the administrative state is contingent upon several factors. In the event that administrative agencies provide ample, equitable opportunities for public involvement, legitimacy is being carried out. There must also be opportunities for empirical research and decision making in order to accomplish legitimacy in the state. All of the pillars are intertwined with legitimacy. In order for a state to be considered legitimate, their power has to be accepted by the general public; therefore, in order to achieve this broad scope of power a state must be efficient, ethical, serve the public good, be representative, accountable to the public, effective, and responsible to elected officials. According to Dr. Beaumaster, the person who has the authority and power is legitimate (2010). Legitimacy Power is derived from authority; authority is derived from legitimacy; legitimacy is a moral or normative standing. So whenever that person makes an unethical decision, this will reflect in his power and he may lose it. Public organizations can often be affected by their internal and external environments, especially new organizations. It is not uncommon for a new organization to become vulnerable when resources are lost or they have not successfully obtained strong support from their environment (Rainey, 2003, p. 359). Consumer preferences and public sentiment always affect business and this is applicable in both the public and private sectors; however, public agencies face bigger issues with legitimacy because they are held highly accountable to the public. For example, the issue of raising taxes is always a contentious decision for elected officials because the public can show adamant opposition to paying higher taxes. Rainey (2003) explains that when voters resist taxes, governments face analogous problems (359). Public and oversight authorities often impose stricter criteria on public organizations for honest, legitimate behaviors (Rainey, 2003, p. 359). Expanding on the last quote, an example of illegitimate behavior in a bureaucracy would be an elected official using coercive power on a public servant in order to get something accomplished. Abuse of power is an age-old problem in bureaucracies. In the event an individual were granted a prestigious position in government based solely on being from a prominent family, their appointment to the position would constitute as illegitimate. There were accusations of coercive power and bureaucratic appointments that were not legitimate during the George W. Bush administration (Maitland, 1989, p.11). To increase and ensure legitimate practices in government and to secure a legitimate administrative state, Peffer (2008) suggests that public servants must be recruited that possess expertise, values, virtue, leadership, and vision. Government agencies should focus on recruiting the best and the brightest managers and employees but public servants must develop a direct relationship with citizens in order to be completely legitimate. Research shows that the bureaucracy has to be legitimate in practice not just in theory (Peffer, 2008, p. 1). When all of the pillars of public administration are combined, they are likely to produce legitimacy which creates stability within the state. There are four sources to gain legitimacy; constitution, legal, public perception, and professionalism The legal is the primary source because it is the thing that can prove that you have something such as school diploma verifies that you earn a degree from that school. The secondary legal source of legitimacy is constitution because the constitution is used to determine the legitimacy of anybody that has an authority position. Third is public perception. The perception of someone regardless their position in society makes them legitimate in some level (Beaumaster, 2009). Accountability The goal of public service is to provide the greatest amount of public good for the least amount of money. The public depends on governments to provide high quality services; therefore, public servants are held highly accountable by the constituents they serve. Accountability is a fundamental element of public administration is linked with the other pillars. Accountability requires ethical decision making, equal representation, legitimacy, efficiency, effectiveness, responsibility, and accountability is intertwined with the dichotomy of politics and public administration, as well. Public servants are held accountable by both the public and the elected officials. A rational civilization can only be organized and achieved through accountable behaviors carried out legislatively, judicially, and administratively (Ashworth, 2001, p. 163). Accountability in the public sector is a bigger issue than in private sectors of business. It is a fact that public managers and organizations remain accountable to various authorities and interests and to the rule of law in general (Rainey, 2003, p. 96). Private sector industries have one goal and that is usually monetary profit. The goals of public agencies are typically quite different. Providing the public good and carrying out the will of the public is a very vague goal and one that is an ambitious endeavor, as well. With this being stated, public agencies are held accountable to a wider range of people than private sector businesses. Representativeness is highly related to accountability because it refers to the multitude of ways elected officials must represent their citizens (Rainey, 2003, p. 97). Through being chosen to represent a locality or a state government or even national government, public officials are held accountable. The dichotomy of politics and public administr ation should be highly transparent here. According to the literature, there are different types of accountability. The types of accountability are: Hierarchical, legal, professional, and political. Rainey (2003) defined hierarchical and legal accountability as having increased levels of control. With hierarchical and legal accountability, it is less likely that a bureaucrat would be granted large levels of discretionary decision making power. Decision making would likely evolve from top-level executives within the organizations. One will find decreased levels of control with professional and political accountability. Administrators may be granted the discretionary decision making power to decide whether or not a response is wise to an external influence (Rainey, 2003, p. 96). Accountability is a serious element of Public Administration. For example, many researchers believe that the episode with the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986 can be attributed to group think (Forest, 1995, p. 1). Group think falls under the category of professional accountability. In the situation of the Challenger explosion, accountability issues resulted in taking the lives of seven people. Public administrators are often confronted with unethical situations where they are forced to make the right decisions in order to abide by their accountability standards for carrying out the good of the public. It is important to remain accountable to the public and to the elected officials one serves without compromising integrity in order to achieve career advancement or to not hinder career advancement (Ashworth, 2001, p. 153). Public organizations do not have the luxury that private businesses enjoy because their daily operations and files are open to the public. The public must be promised accessibility in order to garner trust from constituents. Accountability is a large realm of public administration that encompasses many aspects of public service. Representation According to Dr. Beaumaster (2010), representation deals with who is going to represent the will of the people. Are they those who are elected by the people themselves? Representation is not the cornerstone of public administration but it is the cornerstone of our entire government system. So the people chose who is going to be responsible and accountable for the country and them. According to Jefferson, power came from the land and from the people (cited in Kettl, 2002). So without people, the government has no power. The jobs of public administrators often require the pursuit of consistency in order to achieve stability. But the role of the elected official can be somewhat different because the politician is the person that has been chosen to represent the public. Ashworth (2001) explains that politicians tend to seek change and new accommodations in an attempt to impress their constituents for the purpose of gaining re-election. Politicians often want to sweep out the old and bring in the new, whereas public administrators want to tinker with existing programs and make incremental changes in an attempt to improve public service, (Ashworth, 2001, p.11). It should be evident that the goals of politicians and public administrators are different in nature. Those innate differences are what create the issue with representation in public administration. Representation is a classic issue in government and public administration and more recently is has garnered significant attention because of affirmative action programs, equal employment opportunity policies, and a growing trend towards increased representation on diverse populations (Rainey, 2003, p. 97). Representativeness is the pillar of public administration that refers to the ways elected officials can represent their citizens and these different ways are what mold and shape the responsibilities of a public servant. Elected officials tend to determine the way the needs of their citizens are represented and this illustration of how the dichotomy of politics and public administration works. In regards to the pillars of public administration, they are all interconnected with representativeness. In order to be adequately representative of a targeted population, a public servant must exhibit ethical behaviors, be responsive to needs, produce efficient results, and obtain high levels of legitimacy. Rainey (2003) explains that there are two types of representation: passive and active. Rainey explains that active representation occurs when members of a group actually serve as advocates for the group in decisions about programs and policies (97). Passive representation simply refers to situations where members of a group are simply present in a government entity or agency. The difference between the two types of representation was imperative to explain because the type often determines the values, goals, and mission of an agency. The type of representation that is decided upon has potential to create contention. Conflicting values and criteria often present challenges for public managers. Furthermore, external authorities and political actors intervene in management decisions in pursuit of responsiveness and accountability, and impose structures and constraints on the pursuit of equity, efficiency, and effectiveness. Rainey (2003) made it known that sharp conflicts over which values should predominate-professional effectiveness or political accountability, for example-lead to major transformations of organizational operations and culture (98). Anytime an agency is influenced by external sources to change or alter their value system, for example, issues are likely to arise. All of the information presented in this essay explains the issue with representation. Efficiency and effectiveness In the early days of public administration, government was corrupt. Politicians exercised coercive powers in order to get tasks accomplished. In an attempt to deter corruption in government, an emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness evolved. Efficiency and effectiveness are considered as criterion to measure performance in government. Performance measures are proof of successes and failures in social programs. Public administration researcher, Fried (1976) considered efficiency to be one of the major performance criteria for public bureaucracy in America today. James Madison discussed in the Federalist Papers that dividing government into three branches was a way to place a checks and balances system on powers (Rainey, 2003, p. 94). Madisons ideologies explain how demands for efficiency and effectiveness started. Performance criteria deter corruptive, unethical behaviors in government. Too much political control would not enable public administrations to operate effectively and eff iciently; therefore, agencies would not be able to accomplish the objectives associated with the other pillars of administration. The overall goal of public agencies is rooted in the definition of efficiency. Efficiency has been defined in the literature as producing a good or service at the lowest cost possible while maintaining a constant level of quality (Rainey, 2003, p. 95). The general public holds public servants accountable and responsible for bringing this goal to fruition. Public servants are expected to illustrate competency in their work and incompetent values do not play a role in efficiency and effectiveness. Former United States President, Bill Clinton, launched the National Performance Review in response to inefficient government. Clintons attempt to streamline government resulted in 324,000 government jobs being eliminated (Rainey, 2003, p. 95). Efficiency and effectiveness can be hindered by unethical behavior. Public administrators play the most important role in program and policy implementation. Efficient implementation is imperative for producing effectiveness. If efficient, competent behaviors have not been engaged in, a program or policy evaluation is likely to reveal incompetence. Law enforcement agents, commonly referred to street-level bureaucrats, are granted massive levels of discretionary decision making power. In the event they chose to not implement a policy handed down from a high-level executive, they are not being accountable, responsive, efficient, legitimate, or effective. Hypothetically speaking, if a police officer pulls someone over for speeding and makes the decision to let the driver go and not write a citation they are exhibiting incompetent behaviors. Incompetency leads to inefficient policies that are not effective. If a policy is not enforced by the bureaucracy, it may be deemed as useless. Measuring effectiveness often presents obstacles for public agencies. Bureaucracies are often burdened with the choice of whether to measure effectiveness using subjective measures or objective measures (Rainey, 2003, p. 136). This poses a problem because agencies do not always produce measurements that are tangible; therefore, many agencies may measure effectiveness through profits and productivity (Rainey, 2003, p. 136). Mott (1972) studied effectiveness in public agencies by requesting that managers rate the quantity, quality, efficiency, adaptability, and flexibility of their departmental units. Motts study is representative of how organizations may combine both a qualitative and quantitative approach to measuring effectiveness. If an agency proves effectiveness, it is highly likely that public administrators have engaged in efficient strategies to implement programs and policies.

Saint Bernadette Soubirous :: essays research papers

Saint Bernadette Soubirous The Soubirous family lived in the far north of the little town of Lourdes, in the Lapaca district. A large stream flowed there, and on this stream there were seven mills; one of them known as the Boly Mill, and this had been the residence of the Soubirous. Francois Soubirous leased the mill from relatives of his wife, Louise. In many ways, it was the trade of the miller that had brought the couple together. They had married on the parish church on 9th January 1843. By 1855, the family income had decreased drastically - trade was not good at the mill, and the Soubirous were not the best of business people; often filled with pity for the poor of the local people, they would tell their customers to pay when they were able to, and they never refused credit. And of course there was the family to raise, which further drained their resources. No longer being able to pay for the rent of the mill, the Soubirous were forced to quit their dwellings, give up the millers trade and take on whatever work they could find for themselves. Francois Soubirous recalled that another relative owned a building in the Rue des Petits Fossà ©s - this building was the former Lourdes jail. The old jail was locally known as "the Cachot". The Soubirous were allowed to remain there rent-free. Each evening, the family gathered around the old fireplace for family prayers. This concluded with the recitation of the Rosary - often led by one of the Soubirous girls, Bernadette. BERNADETTE The marriage of Francois Soubirous and Louise Casterot produced six children. The eldest of these was Bernadette. She was born on 7th January 1844, and was baptized the next day by Abbà © Forgues in the old parish church, being given the name of Marie Bernarde. Because of her small stature, she was always referred to by the diminutive form of the name, Bernadette. Six months later, Louise was expecting a child; because of this, Bernadette was entrusted to the care of a woman in near-by Bartres, Marie Aravant, who had just lost a baby boy. She stayed there for 15 months. From her birth, Bernadette was a weak child, suffering even then from the asthma which would cause her so much suffering that later, in the convent, she would beg the nurses to tear open her chest so that she might breathe. Because of her delicate constitution, her parents would attempt to give her little bits of food not available to the other children, such as white bread instead of black.

Desensitization therapy for allergy: theory and practice Essay

Allergies are one of the most common complaints for which patients seek medical attention. They disrupt patients’ lives and can even make others uncomfortable. While symptomatic relief can be obtained with antihistamines and similar medications, most patients would rather live completely symptom free and thus they turn to desensitization therapy. Here, I will explain the mechanism behind allergies and the different forms of desensitization therapies that are available today. An allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction by the immune system that occurs to certain antigens for which the body perceives as a threat and has an overreaction to. Patients generally experience inflammation of the airways, among other symptoms caused by the inappropriate release of histamine. The purpose of desensitization therapy in the allergic patient is to induce tolerance to the allergens that cause the patient to have symptoms.1 Several methods of desensitization therapy exist, the more prominent being subcutaneous injections and sublingual administration, and the less popular methods of intralymphatic and transcutaneous immunotherapy.2 Before desensitization can begin, however, it has to be determined what the patient is in fact allergic to. This is done by using purified antigen from the suspected allergen and doing either a skin test or a blood test. In the skin test, the suspected allergen is scratched into the skin and is positive when a wheal develops.3 In the blood test, the patient’s blood is mixed with the allergen in order to observe the presence of antibodies—specifically IgE. Therapy can only begin when the appropriate allergen is determined because the immunotherapy is allergen specific. Allergens work by inducing a Type 1 ... ...lege of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. Aug 2006;97(2):126-137; quiz 137-140, 202. 12. Ohashi Y, Nakai Y, Murata K. Effect of pretreatment with fexofenadine on the safety of immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. Apr 2006;96(4):600-605. 13. Larsen JN, Houghton CG, Vega ML, Lowenstein H. Manufacturing and standardizing allergen extracts in Europe. Clinical allergy and immunology. 2008;21:283-301. 14. Moingeon P, Mascarell L. Induction of tolerance via the sublingual route: mechanisms and applications. Clinical & developmental immunology. 2012;2012:623474. 15. Iglesias-Cadarso A, Hernandez-Weigand P. Risk factors for systemic reactions to allergen immunotherapy. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. Dec 2011;11(6):579-585.

Cartesian Dualism

In Cartesian Dualism, Descartes tries to prove that the mind or soul is distinct and separate from the body, having no thoughts like the thinking and knowing mind/soul. The first argument in Cartesian Dualism is the argument of doubt. This argument has to do with doubting that he is a thinking thing there must be something there that is true to that therefore there is no physical body because that thought is possible. He claims the mind and body is two separate things claiming this logic: I am certain that I am a thinking thing. I am not certain that I am a physical thing. Therefore, I am not a physical thing.I would not agree with him on this part of the argument, given the premise it is a good way to show that the body does not think for itself, but that does not lead it to a complete separation of the mind and the body. A lot of the physical sense and consumption that attributes to the thoughts of the mind or soul comes from the body. It cannot be written off as a separate and unr elated to the mind/soul just by imagining it does not exist because it cannot match the logic by thinking for itself. Another argument is from clear and distinct perception by proposing that all people are thinking things and not physical things.Overall this argument claims that if two things can exist apart from one another, then they must be two distinct and separate things, now saying that the mind is not only separate from the body, but can also live without it. If the mind is therefore distinct from the body, then it is possible to exist as a mind without the body. I logically don’t agree just because we can distinctly perceive the mind and body as two different things, how does that mean that they actually are, and how will the body continue to exist without the body as a carrying agent.The soul would not be a soul without the body, because it will not perceive the world the same without the body. The third argument is for simplicity with the idea that everything extend ed is divisible into parts. The body is extended and also divisible into parts such as the arms, legs, and so on. Here, Descartes did not believe that the mind was divisible into parts, even though we know different parts of the mind are responsible for different cognitive processes. Descartes believed believed that these differently labeled parts all have the same driving force behind them.So the logic goes if the mind cannot be divisible into parts, and all extended things can be divisible into parts, then the mind cannot be an extended thing. Which then makes the mind is of different material from the body which must be also separate and distinct from the body. Given the premise I can agree with this argument for Cartesian Dualism because it is more broken down and relatable than others having details and not many vague accounts having to be accepted to get to a solid conclusion.When I put each argument in context of flesh vs soul giving the body no real significance taking away any neuronal or psychological dependence that shape the mind/soul then the first two arguments are more easily taken but still misunderstandable from different point of views. Given most premises of these arguments I cannot whole fully agree with Descartes because logically it does not make sense to me given the different understanding and initial perception towards the human body and its natural role.

Invisible organizations and systems in LEGOLAND® Windsor Resort Essay

Invisible organizations and systems that part of the firm that reflects the rules, regulations, and processes upon which the organization is based. (John E. G. Bateson, K. Douglas Hoffman, 2010, page 11) The main role of LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort is to offer services that afford thrills, fun and experience; however, all customers consume them at the same time. That means they are influenced by each other, next by LEGOLAND ´s contact personnel (Service providers) and the big part of their final experience is being influenced by the servicescape – by all visible factors of Servuction model. In order to achieve the maximal possible satisfaction of customers, LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort uses it ´s invisible organizations and systems that support all previously mentioned factors and allow them to serve the customers and give them ordered services on the appropriate level. The customers consume the services without having to see and know the behind-the-scenes activities. Rides and Attractions – LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort offers over 55 types of rides and attractions which including Miniland, LEGO ® City, Adventure Land, Land of the Vikings, Imagination Centre and other different interactive attractions. – Visitors buy ticket and can to savour a lot of fun, however behind this experience there is maintaining of the attractions which is invisible for visitors, but very important for their security. Visitors cannot see the system used for allocating attractions throughout the park. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/Activities/ Resort Hotel – Visitors can book online one of the 150 rooms which are fully themed with LEGO features from the dragon-guarded entrance through to the brightly colored pirate splash pool and themed bedrooms, too. – The main core of the Resort Hotel is staying overnight which is visible for customers. Although the customers may never see the system assigning rooms or preparing the rooms for a new customer. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/New-for-2013/LEGOLAND-Windsor-Resort-Hotel/ Food and Drinks – Customers can choose place where to eat from 5 Food options and 5 Dining offers, they also can reserve a table or contact the LEGOLAND Windsor Enquiries Team with customers ´ specific dietary. – When the customers make an order, they get a prepared meal but they do not know how the meal was cooked and how the kitchen is supplied with commodities. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/restaurants/ Shopping –9 types of shops are located throughout the park, visitors can experience the ultimate LEGO shopping in the largest retail shop called The Big Shop. With LEGOLAND ´s â€Å"Buy Now, Collect Later† option, customers can explore the LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort and shop to their heart ´s content without having to worry about their items. Shop assistants will keep the items safe until customers are ready to collect them at the end of their day. – Supplementing the shelf of goods, unloading and storing the goods in a warehouse are all invisible for the customers. In some cases the customers will never meet with the supplementing thanks to a â€Å"Buy Now, Collect Later† option. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/Shopping/BIG-Shop/ Birthday parties – Visitors have an option to celebrate their birthday at LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort, they just have to email LEGOLANDs ´ Birthday team who will arrange the customer ´s birthday party. – The Customers do not have any care with party because everything will be prepared by team, therefore they cannot see which system used in arranging of birthday room and an event. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Plan/tickets/Birthday-Parties/ Water play area – There is also a LEGO themed indoor water play area specifically designed for family fun and a life guard for safety. – Swimming pools have to be maintained because of hygiene and safety of visitors therefore maintainers control pH of water and they fill and discharge water in the pools. All of these operations are practiced when visitors are absent. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Hotel-FAQ-Container/Adult-Swimming-Pool/ Internal relations between the main elements and processes in LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort The first step to identify internal relations, we must recognize the essential elements of LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort. The service management system (Figure 1) will help us to solve this issue. (Normann, R., 2002. Service management: Strategy and leadership in service business. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley, pages 57- 60) Figure 1 – The service management system

CRM lessons from Ikea

We restricted ourselves to two potential furniture suppliers: a UK-based company,Habitat, with what appears to be a fairly conventional business model, which provides fairly stylish, relatively expensive furniture, and ‘kea, a Swedish furniture retailer with a less conventional business model, with much less expensive furniture, perhaps less stylish. I thought that we would probably end up buying nearly all our furniture from Habitat, whereas actually Kea was our main supplier.Whilst buying this furniture, a number of interesting points about Kike's business model became apparent: o Most of Kike's products are delivered as â€Å"flat-pack† self-assembly kits. Habitat also supply goods in that format, primarily it seems, to ease shipment (and reduce associated costs). However, Kike's products had been designed not only to reduce shipment costs, but also to minimize production assembly costs. Clever design had been used to produce goods which can be assembled by the purcha ser with minimal skill (use of a screwdriver and spanner only), from parts manufactured by machine with little human effort in the production plant.The design also ensured a robust, stylish piece of furniture despite the limited skills of the assembler. Much of the work involved in manufacturing the piece of furniture had been moved from the factory, to the customer. The reduction in cost had also been passed onto the customer. For at least this customer, there was also a significant feeling of achievement in assembling the table or chair. The result – a high quality piece of furniture at low-cost, but with a lot more work for the customer, but tit a resulting sense of achievement. There are differences in the retail outlet model as well. Habitat provides a conventional Main Street retail outlet, with room to display the goods, and attentive sales staff to discuss the furniture. Kike's out-of- town, large-scale outlet had the space to attempt something different. The products were displayed in a number of room mock-ups so that pieces could be seen in relation to other products, with ‘design stations' to help the customer to build their own design. Kea staff were on hand, but not as sales assistants, more to advise on sign, check whether stock was available, etc.This approach helps with the interior design aspects of selecting furniture, again for this customer at least, a difficult aspect of buying furniture. O Distribution: It is here that the most obvious differences with a conventional retail store occur: – You have to pick the goods from the warehouse yourself deliver (though there is a 3rd-party delivery service at a cost). All this may appear to be poor customer service, but again, it takes out a lot of cost from the distribution process, and this is passed on to the customer. Customer Direct Transactions: If you think about it for a minute, because Kea wont take orders, it is key that customers can find out if Kea has a particular it em in stock. (You don't want to go to an out-of-town store, to be told that what you've come for isn't in stock and the store doesn't take orders. ) Kea have recognized this and so provide an automated phone service to allow you to check whether the item you want is in stock. That item is number 1 in the automated service menu – first plus mark.There are a large number of stores I use which I wish provided a similar service. Next, I'd like you to think what ATA you'd ask a customer for if you were designing a ‘check-in-stock' transaction. Well, it's obvious isn't it – you ask for the stock code. Well Kea don't think it's obvious to a customer and when you use their service you recognize that they're right. Instead, they ask you for a catalogue page number, and then the price of the item you're interested in. They then tell you the items on that page at that price and you confirm which one you want.A pretty weird transaction by IT standards, but customer-friendly. If you're a customer interested in stock levels, you're very likely to have the catalogue open. The page number is meaningful to you, is short and easy to enter on a phone keypad (all digits). The price is also meaningful, again short and easy to enter (all numeric). No company I've ever worked for has simple stock-codes. Someone has designed this transaction with the end-user (the customer) in mind. What, if anything has this to do with CRMIn my view, a lot: o Kea have chosen to change from a conventional business model to reduce prices significantly, by placing a lot of burden onto the customer. CRM is not necessarily about better customer service, but about giving the customer a better value reposition, or ‘increased value for money'. O Their change in business model leads to a need for a new transaction for the customer. That transaction is designed to be simple and fast for the customer to use. In Ken's words (nearly) in this week' newsletter – they've listened to their customers.

Narative Report

A NARRATIVE OF OFF-CAMPUS EXPERIENCES IN RCA COMPUTER SALES & SERVICES LUCENA CITY A Report Submitted to: Ms. CHERRY ANN MENDEZ Southern Luzon State University Gumaca Campus Gumaca, Quezon In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements In On the Job Training 1 By: CHEYNARRD B. ORATE JUNE 2011 SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY GUMACA CAMPUS GUMACA QUEZON APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Summer On Job Training Program.This report entitled â€Å"A NARRATIVE REPORT OF OFF – CAMOUS EXPERIENCES IN RCA COMPUTER SALES ANG SERVICES, LUCENA CITY â€Å" has been prepared and submitted by CHEYNARRD BENIPAYO ORATE is hereby recommended for approval. MS. CHERRY ANN MENDEZ Coordinator Chairman DR. FELIX B. LAMPOS JR. OIC- Gumaca Campus Accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Summer On Job Training 1 with the rating of 1. 5 Approved: MS. CHERRY ANN MENDEZ On Job Training Coordinator ACKNOWLEDGEMENTIt is a great pleasure to acknowledge with sincere gratitude and appreciation all those who have contributed in one way or another to the successful accomplishment of this narrative report. Without their support and contributions, this narrative report would not have been completed. To my co-OJT John Ralp Fabroa for being helpful and being nice to me Ms. Cherry Ann Mendez our OJT coordinator for his guidance support during our OJT. Finally, to my family who gave moral and financial supports. Above all to our Almighty God the source of all Goodness and GracesDEDICATION This compilation denotes a grateful gratitude to the following notable persons who rendered their immeasurable supports. To my family who are my inspirations and who gave their moral and financial supports. To my friends who always give me advices with regards to my problem. CHEYNARRD BENIPAYO ORATE INTRODUCTION The Diploma in Industrial Technology Major in Computer Technology intends to produce an efficient and effective technician because the students in this subjec t will learn how to apply what they have learned from their professor.It is a really big help for me that i am enrolled in on this On Job Training because we will be trained to become a better and good technician someday. You will manage how to face the common problems that will be surely encountered during the actual works or training. Most of all I learned that time is very precious, that every minute’s counts, so now I will spend it wisely. OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING To trained my knowledge for being a better technician in the near future. To be familiarized in the different problems of one computer. To depend on my own opinion how to solve such a problem and not to depend on others.To know what is the problem of the computer in the way of troubleshooting and to experience the world of working. WORK ACCOMPLISHMENTS On my training in RCA Computer Sales and Services I able to apply my skill in their because we usually assemble a computer which is being teach in my beloved school which is Southern Luzon State University Gumaca Campus which located here in Gumaca Quezon. How to handle the parts of the computer with care and where to hold it because some parts of the computer is sensitive. How to put it carefully don’t need to be scratch, properly inserted the screw and proper tighten it.Then one time a customer came and ask how much for the speaker, their two speaker with a different price so I do the sales talk what our my sales clerk do because that time there are my customer that being entertained asking price and what parts are better for their computer and then I told to our customer what are the different of the two and best speaker is the one who has the higher price of course so that we have a sales and then we tested it and our customer satisfied with the sound then our customer said ok I will buy then how cookie crumble I made a sales and I know to communicate to the customer.The other is not very simple I got into a service to the Maritime at Enverga University i just bought their power supply and put it on their unit then back to RCA. Then a service again one customer buys a full set of computer monitor, mouse, keyboard, headset, webcam, computer table with chairs and the system unit of course and they requested to setup their unit on their home and then I volunteer to came with them and our sales clerk agree with that so where at their house I setup their unit and that’s it and I am not waiting for any tip for what I done then suddenly they me a two pieces of â€Å"Balot† how lucky I am then I said thank you.Their business is distributing a â€Å"Balot† in some place in lucena to sell it just sharing. This is what we usually do in everyday when we go to our training first is to clean the place. Then a customer came brought their system unit then our head technician ask what is the problem of their unit then we get the unit bring in the tech room to be troubleshoot then when it is finish to troub leshoot we tell to the customer what is the problem of their unit.If the problem is the operating system we will reformat it because that what our head technician told to us and I always volunteer do to that because I know how to do it because as I said our school teach that and the one teach us is no other than Ms. Cherry Ann Mendez. Thank you so much mam. And John Ralp and I is the must advance knowledge with our co-ojt because some of them don’t how to troubleshoot, how to go in cmos bios set-up. PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTIONS OFFEREDIf you go in RCA lucena Branch and you are going to buy a ten unit of computer full set with table and chair you need to wait for one week or more because they don’t have any stock there they ordered it in the main office. Here’s a problem the RCA today is not the apple of the eye that you know it. Because the owner of RCA has a little problem with the supplier because some of the products are owe by the owner of RCA and not b eing paid so that the delivery on each branch is being delayed. Just sharing for information) Then were in the lucena branch of RCA on the first day of our training nothings seems to be worry as the days go on some customer asking for the products that their ordered and their get a no answer we said that â€Å"sir/mam we don’t have a delivery of the products that you order came back again next week maybe we have your ordered products. Some customer waited for almost three months and they did not get their ordered product even if they paid the half price of the product.Then another customer buying for one system unit some parts of the computer needed to assemble is available there in RCA and some parts is not available so our sales clerk need a sales and she need a local source of course they accepted it then our sales clerk ask for one trainee because she will be asking to buy the other parts in another store there is no illegal their because its business the bad part is the store that you’re going to brought the products, because they saying a bad thing on the part of RCA if they know that the one who’s buying is from RCA and I am the one who always buy the part of the computer needed for assemble and released for the customer.And here the one problem that Ralp and I encountered not with RCA but inside the RCA with our Co-Ojt there are super â€Å"TAMAD GRABE† here a setting our head branch calling for one trainee just to buy a mineral water just across the street and I know that they here that but there ignore it then a second call and I am inserting the MOBO on the casing because there some ordered to be released then suddenly one of my co-ojt pointed me and tell me that â€Å"hey cheynarrd mam gina asking you to buy her a mineral water† then I leave what I’m doing and pass it to them then I went outside to buy a mineral. If you are on the job training you should follow what your superior told do so. That’s my problem encounter and solution’s offered. JUSTIFICATIONAt the end of my training I will definitely say thanks for everything that I learned in RCA Computer Sales and Services and I will really miss all the bonding all the laughs, jokes to my co-OJT namely Jayson, Ricky, Jeff, Allan, Big, Espinar, Tangkad, Willard, Crystal, Mich and specially my partner John Ralp to our technician namely Sir Mike, Sir Ronnie and Sir Kenneth and to our head branch Mam Gina and our sales clerk Mam Jhona thanks again. I learned here how to communicate to my supervisor to my co-OJT and to the RCA customer and should I say that I really improve my skill here like assembling a computer using safety precaution and disassembling computer parts and peripherals. I also learned here what is the basic troubleshooting and how to troubleshoot as well and I put some flow chart attached here in my narrative report.I also improve me skill here and learned software and hardware installation and windows insta llation and being patient will installing. And also I learned here you should be memories the product key of your operating system like Windows XP service pack two because will you are in the field or servicing to your customer you don’t have to get your notes and then type it if you get what I’m saying. Here’s what product key that I been memories will I was there at RCA Computer Sales and Services K2KB2-BDBGV-KP686-D8T7X-HDMQ8 it is for all services pack two only. And I also learned here how to test your power supply if it is working or not. Maybe that’s all folks PICTURES/ENDURSEMENT

Bomb and Information

His statement is how the government is manipulating the media about the bombing incident. He wanted to prove me that the government has something to do with the attack and also is manipulating the media with fake or inaccurate information so we can believe whatever the media says. When I first heard about the attack on the media I was so sure that the government did a good Job but Many showed me a video as evidence to reinforce his statement. Now I am standing in the middle of a circle of accurate and inaccurate information, but unfortunately I ant decide who to trust.The media is not always right with the information that they are publishing therefore you cant always trust the most reliable sources when there is a news. To trust the media right after the event it is not a bad idea, but we need to know how to evaluate the information provided. The media controls our minds because they have the information that we are seeking, but we can rate the sources as accurate and non-accurate or incorrect. If you like to watch the news online, you should look at more trusted websites and match the information.Furthermore look for evidence that proves that the information is accurate. View the authors bibliography and make sure the author knows about the topic and somehow has something to do with the topic. During the Marathon in Boston on April 15, 2013 there were a lot of rumors about the explosion. The media was so desperate to find a suspect that they made an unknown number of speculations about people who were looking suspicious to them. At the beginning of the week when there were not pictures of the suspects the media was wondering if the attack was made by an alQaeda group or if the person who did it was related to them. There was an Indian American student who was accused as suspect number two by a website called http://www. Reedit. Com/. The information was declared incorrect after a few days. The general manager of website Reedit Erik Martin apologized in public to the student for the misunderstanding (Alexander). Many reporters were looking for evidence where they can find or identify a suspect. After the attack many pictures were sent to the TV, newspaper, and radio Stations, but there was one picture published onTwitter by a marathon spectator Dan Lampooner that caused an immense rumor. Lampooner posted a picture of an individual on top of the roof off building. The picture rapidly got 2,361 rewets and 620 favorites which is a lot for a picture posted the same day of the attack. A lot of people were alarm because the rumor and the false information of the supposed suspect on top of the roof were spread around by the users of the social networks. The FBI declined to mention on the photo or any other rumor (Brenner).There was a speculation about another bomb the same day f the marathon minutes after the Bombing. This speculation was about a bomb that went off at the JEFF Library in Boston. A Police Commissioner Edward Davis said during a press conference that besides those two bombs that went off during the marathon, there is a third case occurred at the Library and the authorities consider this as related to the attack. During the investigation the rumor was still being reported and the false information was being watched at everyones house even in my house.In the evening of the next day the authorities said, The JEFF incident may not have been n explosion; rather, it appears to be fire-related (Brenner). The reality of the fire on the library was a mechanical fire that broke out about the same time the two bombs went off (Brenner). In the course of the bombing there were a lot of victims involved in the incident, 144 people were reported injured. Unfortunately there were 3 people dead. Martin Richard was one of those who unluckily died while watching the marathon. A lot of different versions of the story were circulating by the news.The rumor was about an years old girl from Sandy Hook that was running the marathon and died while she was running. The media was wrong once again with this information and many people were there wrong information delivered to their housed by the media. Richards mother and his sister were gravely hurt in the attack. This information was declared by Richards father who said My dear son Martin has died from injuries sustained in the attack on Boston. My wife and daughter are both recovering from serious injuries. (Brenner).For the period of the week the FBI were collecting as such information as they could so they could investigate it. Two videos were published about two suspects walking near the place were the second bomb went off. The FBI called them black hat suspect and white hat suspect. On the video, it is well shown how they were carrying backpacks with them. The FBI published the two pictures of the suspects and the broadcast did an accurate Job this time because they posted and shared the pictures with the State of Massachusetts and the entire United States of America.The authorities found the suspects location when they ailed a MIT officer who was on duty. On Thursday, April 18, the FBI official decided to share the pictures of the two suspects involved in the attacks because they knew the media was going to publish it right away. The purpose of it was to get the audience aware and call the FBI or any police department if they see anything suspicious. The FBI received information about two suspects who robbed a seven eleven and shoot a couple times against an officer who was on his car.The police department started the chase against the two brothers Dashboard and Temperament Tsarinas. The police had a man on the ground in Watertown which was suspect number 1 Temperament Tsarinas. The second suspect was still on the run. The FBI, SWAT team, State Police and Boston police had a manhunt looking for Dashboard Tsarinas. The officials were looking for the suspect in Watertown. Dashboard was captured at night inside a boat that was in someones driveway covered by blood (The Telegraph). When you are looking for sources online or watching any news it is always a good Idea to think as a critical thinker.

Legal Ethical Nursing Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal Ethical Nursing Situation - Essay Example (Scott, 2000) Practice sisters in GP group practices who often do the actual disease notification are not the ones to receive the statutory payment. Senior HIV/AIDS discharge co-coordinators (nurses) and research nurses have been employed with part of their job defined in terms which are normally part of the doctor's role. Needless to say, they are paid less than doctors. There is generally a lack of recognition and concern for the dilemmas nurses are faced with in this field. Although the ethical codes of both the medical and nursing professions are not at odds on these matters, the actual practice is. In fact, the nursing code in particular is quite advanced and very clear, but the conflicts and power struggles which still exist between medicine and nursing make it very difficult for nurses-advocates of the patients-to live by the letter and spirit of their code. Not only does the individual nurse suffer in this situation, but any decent nurse is forced into defending the rights of the patient in opposition to the quality of the data collected. This is not an argument against nurses entering the field of epidemiology, but rather an argument for bringing the rights of the individual patient and the public aims of epidemiology and health policy together. Nurses are often in the best position to identify these problems and should be listened to. (De Selincourt, 2000) Literature Review/ Case Study A young woman, Amanda, is pregnant. She attends the antenatal clinic, where a midwife takes her health history and runs a series of tests, such as blood, urine and blood pressure. She is counseled by the midwife on, among other things, the implications of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and of being tested for it. Although the midwife has no reason to believe that Amanda has been exposed to HIV, she offers her an HIV test. Amanda declines, as there seems to be no need for one. She is also aware of the difficulties in obtaining a mortgage if she has this test. The blood sample taken by the midwife is sent to a laboratory for analysis for hemoglobin content, rubella antibodies, and syphilis. At the same time a small amount of blood from this sample is placed in an unnamed test tube which is then sent to a central laboratory to be tested for HIV. The midwife is completely unaware that this has occurred so cannot inform Amanda. The next time that Amanda visits the antenatal clinic the other blood results are returned to her and, as they are normal, she continues with her pregnancy uneventfully. Unknown to her the anonymous blood sample has been tested and found to be HIV antibody positive and this is recorded at the national surveillance centre, where data on HIV and acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other infectious diseases are collected. The information accompanying this sample includes Amanda's age range (i.e. between 35 and 40 years), her gender and the geographical origin of the sample. In this case the epidemiologist will not have information about the means by which HIV was contracted. The data will provide information about the trends of HIV among pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics over a five-year period. Amanda's pregnancy